中国式员工持股计划与公司违规：监督者抑或合谋者

以我国员工持股计划重启为背景，以2011—2019 年A 股上市公司为样本，验证员工持股计划对公司违规的影响。结果显示，员工持股计划降低了公司违规概率与频率。机制检验发现，员工持股计划一方面通过促进中小股东投票与委派董事涉入公司内部治理，另一方面通过信息传递提升独立董事履职效率并增加分析师跟踪。进一步地，区分违规类型后发现，员工持股计划的抑制作用主要存在于信息披露违规与一般违规；区分员工持股计划方案后发现，员工持股规模高、锁定期长、高购买折价、无杠杆、无控股股东担保或兜底、无业绩条件的员工持股计划对公司违规的抑制更显著。经济后果分析发现，员工持股计划对公司违规的监督能够抑制股价崩盘风险。研究结论从公司违规角度验证了员工持股计划的监督者角色，为我国员工持股计划实施效果提供了新的经验证据。     

企业社会责任报告语调与分析师预测：信号还是迎合？

运用文本分析方法提取了2010—2018年上市公司社会责任报告的文本语调信息，基于信号理论和迎合理论探讨企业社会责任报告语调对分析师预测的影响。研究发现，企业社会责任报告的净正面语调降低了分析师预测偏差和分析师预测分歧度，并且在分析师预测存在乐观偏差时这种作用更加显著。进一步分析发现，企业社会责任报告语调对分析师预测的积极作用仅发生在强制披露和不遵守可持续发展报告指南的企业中以及经验较少、非明星分析师中。经济后果检验发现，社会责任报告语调通过降低分析师预测偏差和分歧度缓解了公司股价崩盘风险。研究结论不仅有助于丰富非财务信息披露经济后果和分析师预测影响因素两个领域的学术文献，而且可以为监管部门合理规范企业社会责任报告披露和投资者有效利用企业社会责任报告中的语调信息提供有益借鉴。     

网络沟通对股票市场的影响--基于投资者有限关注视角的研究

本文通过雪球网数据构建投资者网络沟通质量指标,并结合分析师预测特色数据,实证检验投资者网络沟通行为对股价同步性及特质性波动的影响。研究发现:网络沟通与股价同步性之间呈U形非线性关系,而与股价的特质性波动呈正相关;分析师预测特色数据通过投资者网络沟通行为进入股票市场,其中网络沟通质量与分析师乐观度的交互项同股价同步性呈负相关,而与股票特质性波动呈正相关。进一步细分市场发现,投资者网络沟通在牛市和熊市中对于股价同步性及特质性波动的影响是非对称的。     

政府创新激励干预下的分析师关注与企业研发投入——以“中国制造2025”与“一带一路”为例的实证研究

随着股票市场与企业研发活动的联系愈发紧密,分析师关注与企业研发投入的关系受到的关注也越来越多。虽然现有以公司治理过程中各主体为核心研究两者关系的文献取得了一些成果,但外部政府干预的作用却在一定程度上被忽视。本文以“中国制造2025”和“一带一路”为例,对分析师关注作用于企业研发投入的机制和政府创新激励对该机制的影响进行分析。在基于文献建构理论假设的基础上,引入A股制造业企业2013~2018年的数据作为样本,使用双重差分方法对机制假设进行了检验。实证结果显示:分析师关注对企业研发投入有负向的直接影响,但政府创新激励的信号发出后分析师关注对相关企业的研发投入又具有独立于原有效应之外的正效应。这一结果表明,一般情况下分析师关注会基于“施压机制”抑制企业的研发投入,而政府创新激励的出台则能创造条件使这种“施压机制”激励企业为研发活动投入资金,在一定程度上缓解分析师关注原有的消极影响。     

Analyst following,financial constraint,and audit opinion shopping: From the perspective of earning management

This study examines the relationships among analyst following, financial constraint, and audit opinion shopping from the perspective of earnings management, taking a sample of Chinese A-share firms from 2008 to 2018. We find that analyst following alleviates firm's accrued earnings management activities which restrain opinion shopping behaviors; on the other hand, it prompts real earnings management activities that encourage firm's effort to audit opinion shopping. Earnings management has a mediation effect on the positive association between analyst following and audit opinion shopping. Corporate financial constraint amplifies the positive effect of analyst following on opinion shopping.     

企业创新投资的城市同群效应研究

基于企业战略决策的竞争机制和信息机制，以2008—2020年沪深A股上市公司作为研究样本，探究企业创新投资的同群效应、影响因素和经济后果。研究发现，同群企业创新投资对焦点企业创新投资具有显著的促进作用，即企业创新投资存在城市同群效应。焦点企业的市场地位及其与同群企业之间的地理距离会弱化企业创新投资的城市同群效应，同群企业的分析师关注度和焦点企业的管理层职业背景多样性会强化企业创新投资的城市同群效应。异质性分析检验显示，国有企业产权属性会弱化企业创新投资的城市同群效应，企业的高新技术属性和所在地的创新环境会强化企业创新投资的城市同群效应。经济后果检验表明，企业创新投资的城市同群效应能够提高焦点企业专利产出和市场价值。研究在丰富企业创新投资驱动因素研究的同时，也为推动创新驱动发展战略提供了有益思路。     

The impact of the ESG disclosure on sell-side analysts’ target prices: The new era post Paris agreements

We examine whether the ESG disclosure is a value driver for sell-side analysts, focusing on the largest 3000 US listed firms between 2012 and 2020. ESG represents Environmental factors, long-term Social factors, and Governance issues. These factors affect a community’s long-term sustainability and serve to guide the broader financial markets, increasingly oriented towards sustainable investing. Specifically, we question whether firms exhibiting higher disclosure scores show higher target prices. Moreover, we investigate the impact of the 2015 Paris agreements addressing climate change on stock’s evaluations. We find that: (1) analysts recognize a premium for firms more engaged in ESG transparency (2) before the Paris agreements this premium is mainly driven by Governance disclosure; (3) after the event this premium is also driven by Environmental disclosure. To the extent that we control for different model specifications, our findings suggest that ESG disclosure is a strategic tool for firms to create value.     

Short selling and the independence of business-related analysts: Evidence from an emerging market

This paper investigates whether short-sale deregulation improves analysts' independence in an emerging market where conventional mechanisms mitigating conflicts of interest are either ineffective or absent. Short selling reduces the effectiveness of analysts' favourable opinions in creating or sustaining overvalued stock prices, thus decreasing the incentives of institutional clients of brokerages to exert pressure on related analysts to initiate coverage and issue biased opinions. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find strong evidence that stocks that are eligible for short sales experience a greater reduction in coverage by related analysts than stocks that are ineligible for short sales. When covered firms become eligible for short sales, the quality of forecasts and recommendations issued by related analysts improves considerably. Further analyses show that shortable firms with a significant reduction in related analysts' coverage are more likely to underperform and to experience stock price crashes in the future. Altogether, our results are consistent with short selling effectively restoring related analysts' independence in emerging markets.     

政府补助对企业ESG表现的影响机制研究

以中国沪深A股上市公司2009—2021年的数据为研究样本，采用双向固定效应模型实证探析政府补助对企业ESG表现的影响。结果显示，政府补助对于企业ESG表现的提升有显著作用。机制检验表明，政府补助通过研发创新驱动效应、融资约束缓解效应、分析师披露监督效应三条中介路径来提高企业的ESG表现。其中，研发创新的中介作用最强，融资约束与分析师披露监督的中介作用次之，为政府引导ESG实践提供了可参考的依据。     

Analyst independence and earnings management

We examine whether analyst independence contributes to analysts’ monitoring role in deterring accruals earnings management. We first report a negative association between earnings management and the ratio of independent analysts to brokerage analysts covering a firm. Next, through the lens of the promotion of independent sell-side research institutions by the 2003 Global Research Analyst Settlement, we document a significant decrease in earnings management on firms affected by the Global Settlement's mandate for time-limited support to back independent research institutions. Additionally, we find that, as the aforementioned support ended, the extent of monitoring effectiveness reverted to a level indistinguishable from that before the Global Settlement. Finally, using closures and mergers of independent research institutions as a quasi-natural experiment, we provide corroborating evidence consistent with analyst independence leading to more effective monitoring.